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1994-05-02
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<text>
<title>
Germany: Geography
</title>
<article><hdr>The World Factbook 1993: Germany
Geography</hdr><body>
<p>Location: Western Europe, bordering the North Sea between France
and Poland
</p>
<list>
<l>Area:</l>
<l> total area: 356,910 km2</l>
<l> land area: 349,520 km2</l>
<l> comparative area: slightly smaller than Montana</l>
</list>
<p>note: includes the formerly separate Federal Republic of Germany,
the German Democratic Republic, and Berlin following formal
unification on 3 October 1990
</p>
<p>Land boundaries: total 3,621 km, Austria 784 km, Belgium 167 km,
Czech Republic 646 km, Denmark 68 km, France 451 km, Luxembourg 138
km, Netherlands 577 km, Poland 456 km, Switzerland 334 km
</p>
<p>Coastline: 2,389 km
</p>
<list>
<l>Maritime claims:</l>
<l> continental shelf: 200 m depth or to depth of
exploitation</l>
<l> exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm</l>
<l> territorial sea: 3 nm in North Sea and Schleswig-Holstein coast
of Baltic Sea (extends, at one point, to 16 nm in the Helgolander
Bucht); 12 nm in remainder of Baltic Sea</l>
</list>
<p>International disputes: none
</p>
<p>Climate: temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and
summers; occasional warm, tropical foehn wind; high relative humidity
</p>
<p>Terrain: lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in
south
</p>
<p>Natural resources: iron ore, coal, potash, timber, lignite,
uranium, copper, natural gas, salt, nickel
</p>
<list>
<l>Land use:</l>
<l> arable land: 34%</l>
<l> permanent crops: 1%</l>
<l> meadows and pastures: 16%</l>
<l> forest and woodland: 30%</l>
<l> other: 19%</l>
</list>
<p>Irrigated land: 4,800 km2 (1989 est.)
</p>
<p>Environment: air and water pollution; groundwater, lakes, and air
quality in eastern Germany are especially bad; significant
deforestation in the eastern mountains caused by air pollution and
acid rain
</p>
<p>Note: strategic location on North European Plain and along the
entrance to the Baltic Sea
</p></body></article></text>